Mobile app development

We started talking about Xcode in the precious article

 

Xcode

 

The main tool you use to create applications for iPhone OS is Xcode—Apple's IDE (integrated development environment). You can also use it to create a variety of other project types, including Cocoa and command-line utilities.

 

Launch Xcode (by default it's in /Developer/Applications), then create a new project by choosing File > New Project. You should see a new window similar to this:

 

 

 

>> Select the Window-Based Application.

 

In the Product popup menu, make sure iPhone is selected. (Do not select the option to use Core Data for storage. You don't use Core Data in this example.)

 

>> Click Choose.

 

A sheet appears to allow you to select where your project will be saved.

 

>> Select a suitable location for your project (such as the Desktop or a custom Projects directory), then give the project a name—HelloWorld—and click Save.

 

The remainder of the tutorial assumes that you named the project HelloWorld, so the application delegate class is called HelloWorldAppDelegate. If you name your project something else, then the application delegate class will be called YourProjectNameAppDelegate.

 

You should see a new project window like this:

 

 

 

f you haven't used Xcode before, take a moment to explore the application. You should read Xcode Workspace Guide to understand the organization of the project window and how to perform basic tasks like editing and saving files. You can now build and run the application to see what the Simulator looks like.

 

>> Choose Build > Build and Go (Run) or click the Build and Go button in the toolbar.

 

The iPhone Simulator application should launch automatically, and when your application starts up you should simply see a white screen. To understand where the white screen came from, you need to understand how the application starts up.

 

>> Quit the Simulator.

 

Application Bootstrapping

 

The template project you created already sets up the basic application environment. It creates an application object, connects to the window server, establishes the run loop, and so on. Most of the work is done by the UIApplicationMain function as illustrated in Figure below

 

 

 

The main function in main.m calls the UIApplicationMain function:

 

int retVal = UIApplicationMain(argc, argv, nil, nil);

 

This creates an instance of UIApplication. It also scans the application's Info.plist property list file. The Info.plist file is a dictionary that contains information about the application such as its name and icon. It may contain the name of the nib file the application object should load, specified by the NSMainNibFile key. Nib files contain an archive of user interface elements and other objects—you'll learn more about them later in the tutorial. In your project's Info.plist file you should see:

 

<key>NSMainNibFile</key>

<string>MainWindow</string>

This means that when the application launches, the MainWindow nib file is loaded.

 

>> To look at the nib file, double-click MainWindow.xib in the Resources group in the project window (the file has the extension "xib" but by convention it is referred to as a "nib file"). Interface Builder launches and opens the file.

 

 

 

Continued to next article: iPhone application development

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Set Nib

Starting Off as a Cartoonist

Cartooning is great fun, and having aquired the skill, is a wonderful way of making a good living. However, everyone needs to start at the beginning, and here are a few pointers to bear in mind as you set off.

Always use good quality materials, this should be pretty obvious, but it's surprising how many people try to cut corners by skimping. As with most crafts it is always much easier to use the best tools. You will be using ink pens, the kind that hold a nib and you dip into Ink, sounds old fashioned but this is still the way to get best results and is used by most cartoonists today. You will require a broad, medium, and fine nib, those recommended are Hunt No.512, Hunt No.513, and Esterbrook No 359. New pens (nibs) should be moistened before use, you can use a damp fine cloth or tissue, or traditionally, your lips. This removes the film of fine oil used in packing to prevent rust, and enables the ink to adhere to the nib. Ink should be black and permanent, good quality of course, maybe Higgins.

Pencils of course, you should always start with pencil drawings and continue with pencil to develop your craft until you feel confident to proceed to ink. As a general rule it is best to start all drawings with light pencil lines that can later be inked over and erased. It is much easier to darken and strengthen a line than to do the opposite. Pencils should be "H" and as they are pretty cheap, keep a good stock. Keep them sharp, using a good quality sharprner, and throw (or give) them away when they are not much more than half way down. As mentioned before, they are cheap, and using a stub of a pencil cramps the hand.

When making a drawing (in pencil) with the intention of the finished piece being in Ink, make your pencil lines as inconspicuous as possible. For reproductive purposes the lines obviously have to be erased. Again a good quality eraser should be used, there are many to choose from, but soft is to be preferred to hard, you do not want to damage the paper/card. The paler your pencil lines, the less rubbing out is required, and the less the danger of partially obliterating your inked lines, or damaging the surface. Also a heavy pencil line can make things confusing when going over it with ink.

A softish pencil like the "H" gives freedom to the stroke. The harder the pencil the more stilted the result, and also the more difficult to erase. In the first instance doodle as much as you can, don't worry too much about what you are drawing, just get the feeling of the pencil over the paper/card and the types of effect that can be got by varying pressure, using the pint and side of the lead etc. This way you will gradually develop your own individual style as you did when you were learning to write.

Keep a piece of white paper under your hand when it rests on a part of the drawing in which the pencil lines appear, this will prevent smudging. Makes erasures deliberately and gently

About the Author

Chris Haycock is an information publisher, one of whose hobbies is cartooning. For more information on cartooning, including details of a very special insiders course on cartooning, go to http://www.cartoonsforfunandprofit.com

When making a mini tiered cake how do I stack them?

If I made a cake with the pans in this link, can I just stack them they way they come out of the oven (after leveling the tops)? Or am I supposed to support them somehow?

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Thank you

It's not that big a cake, so it could stand on it's own. Otherwise do what they do on Ace of Cakes - stick a wooden dowel down the middle of all three layers to keep them from sliding.

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